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Adjunctive Host-Directed Therapy with Statins Improves Tuberculosis-Related Outcomes in Mice

October 12, 2019

Noton K Dutta, Natalie Bruiners, Matthew D Zimmerman, Shumin Tan, Véronique Dartois,Maria L Gennaro, Petros C Karakousis

J Infect Dis. 2019 Oct 12. pii: jiz517. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz517. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 31605489 | DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz517

Abstract

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment is lengthy and complicated and patients often develop chronic lung disease. Recent attention has focused on host-directed therapies aimed at optimizing immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), as adjunctive treatment given with antitubercular drugs. In addition to their cholesterol-lowering properties, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) have broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities.

Methods

In the current study, we screened 8 commercially available statins for cytotoxic effect, anti-TB activity, synergy with first-line drugs in macrophages, pharmacokinetics and adjunctive bactericidal activity, and, in 2 different mouse models, as adjunctive therapy to first-line TB drugs.

Results

Pravastatin showed the least toxicity in THP-1 and Vero cells. At nontoxic doses, atorvastatin and mevastatin were unable to inhibit Mtb growth in THP-1 cells. Simvastatin, fluvastatin, and pravastatin showed the most favorable therapeutic index and enhanced the antitubercular activity of the first-line drugs isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide in THP-1 cells. Pravastatin modulated phagosomal maturation characteristics in macrophages, phenocopying macrophage activation, and exhibited potent adjunctive activity in the standard mouse model of TB chemotherapy and in a mouse model of human-like necrotic TB lung granulomas.

Conclusions

These data provide compelling evidence for clinical evaluation of pravastatin as adjunctive, host-directed therapy for TB.

Source: https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiz517/5586531